How Does Venezuela Use Art and Literature to Spread Knowledge

What are Venezuelan Bolivar Banknote Crafts and How Have They Become Artistic Symbols of Venezuela's Humanitarian Crisis?

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The money crafts made by Venezuelan migrants in Colombia during the humanitarian crisis of recent years have been the subject of diverse journalistic reports. Notwithstanding, there has not been a more than detailed analysis that allows u.s.a. to know how this blazon of arts and crafts was developed, how it reflects the socio-political situation of the Venezuelan people, and what role information technology plays as a symbolic art form. This research follows the rise of this type of crafts in the metropolis of Cúcuta, from the devaluation of the currency that allowed its use for producing handicrafts, to its recognition by the media and its intersection with the work of our fine art based organization, Art For Impact.

This is not the outset fourth dimension that origami has been used by immigrants and refugees, nor is information technology the get-go use of this technique as a symbol to protest weather condition related to migration. In this case the emergence of this type of artform is intrinsically tied to the evolution of the Venezuelan humanitarian crunch of the last decade. The proliferation of this unique craft beyond its initial nucleus and the growing public involvement around information technology invites investigation of how this specific exercise is carried out in a context of migration and political turbulence within Venezuela and Latin America. In that location is a symbology behind making crafts from paper money that goes beyond individual artistic expression and takes on the value of a political statement.

A Brief History of Paper Art and Migration

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Although origami is non ofttimes associated with migration, a closer look at the field of study reveals more than a casual human relationship. The utilize of newspaper units in crafts has its roots in the centuries-erstwhile Chinese zhé zhǐ tradition and Japanese modular origami. Both are singled-out traditions that gained worldwide popularity in the western globe past the twentieth century, thanks to the work of people such as Friedrich Froebel and Miguel de Unamuno, among others.ⁱ "Chinese paper folding became hugely popularised with a book in 1948 by Maying Soong, called The Fine art of Chinese Paper Folding. Plus, this book too helped separate the Chinese' paper folding to the Japanese [sic]."² Mayhap the earliest reference to modular origami is Hayato Ohoka's Ranma Zushiki, published in 1734.

In the U.k., the art of folding paper designs is skilful and taught by Chinese women in immigration prisons as a mode to pass the time.ⁱⁱⁱ In the context of the Syrian crisis, refugees in Jordan camps have also found origami and paper folding to be therapeutic.⁴ In the United States, Japanese Americans have used origami to protest immigrant detention policies, specifically that of detaining children. Japanese Americans are particularly song in the fight to close immigration prisons in the United States because of their experiences being put into internment camps during World War Ii.^five These clearing prisons were officially chosen "relocation centers" at the fourth dimension and were filled with Japanese and Japanese Americans who were only allowed to bring what they could carry for the duration of the war with Nippon. During that period many Japanese who had never been artists used art equally a fashion to cope. For people who are locked abroad or prevented from seeking a better life, art can be a means of self-expression. In another example, a group of youth activists from San Francisco is working to create 76,020 butterflies to signal the number of children detained at the US edge in 2019.⁶

Another notable case relates to the Golden Venture, a human smuggling ship that ran aground in New York Harbour in 1993. The traffickers who were operating the ship fled, abandoning hundreds of Chinese immigrants, many of whom were fleeing persecution. They concluded upwards in a US immigration prison, ane of the kickoff mass imprisonments of immigrants and refugees in the US.⁷ During the development of the "Golden Venture Case" the immigrants who were unsuccessfully smuggled into the US applied for political asylum and were put in York County jail while they awaited clearance on their legal status. As a mode to fight boredom and pass their time during their imprisonment, they began folding paper. The crafts became very popular every bit a pastime, and the Chinese detainees began selling these works as a class of income to encompass legal fees and equally tokens of gratitude towards those who helped them.⁸ This paper model making eventually became a way to tell their story and make their appeal for freedom more widely known. Over a period of three and a half years, effectually ten,000 folded newspaper works were made within the prison. Some of these became part of a traveling exhibit which gave vocalisation to the state of affairs of these aviary seekers.⁹ Simply effectually ten% of those detained migrants were finally granted aviary in the Us and other countries,^x and the bulk were deported and sent back to China, where at that place were few reports of what became of them.

Aggrandizement in Venezuela and Political Turmoil

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On June ii, 2010, more than than a decade after his rise to ability, Hugo Chávez declared an "economic war" due to increasing shortages in the country. His government'south mismanagement of the country's economic powerhouse, the country-endemic national oil visitor PDVSA, along with corruption and the progressive stalling of the initial success of the Bolivarian Missions, marked the decline of what used to be ane of Latin America's strongest economies. The Bolivarian government spent substantial money on fake and decadent social programs and assistance to strange allies such equally Cuba and Bolivia. The crisis further intensified under the Maduro government, in early on 2015, when oil prices vicious and the country'south poor maintenance reduced its overall oil production chapters. The government kept spending the state's upkeep on controversial investments while denying the growing crunch and violently repressing the opposition.^eleven

The Venezuelan authorities has dealt with economical default and hyperinflation by press an immense quantity of bills and replacing their paper currency several times through the addition and subtraction of zeros. In 2015, at least 15 billion new bills were ordered past the Maduro administration from mint houses away¹² without taking any measures to dorsum up the value, while the land'southward international gold reserves had become depleted. This increased inflation and so much that people stopped counting money and instead began to weigh information technology (Imgs. 1 and 2 ). Businesses would often not accept paper money, particularly older, smaller denominations, and people began relying on alternating payment methods such every bit bartering or using the government's virtual money, the "petro," which was to be backed by oil. Certain neighborhoods in Caracas even began making their own local currency, named "panalito," with the figure of Hugo Chávez.¹³

Prototype i. Series Title: By Whatever Measure… Photo written report of the toll of appurtenances in Venezuela in early on 2019.

Image ii. Series Title: By Any Measure… Photograph report of the cost of appurtenances in Venezuela in early 2019

The situation has resulted in massive dumping of paper bills, and bank robberies where the money was left because it wasn't worth enough to accept.¹⁴ The accounts and videos of truckloads of these bills being dumped or burned speak loudly to the economic situation.^fifteen

The economic plummet has played a major role in the migration crisis, since at that place is no value that can be held in cash or in banks for the vast majority of the Venezuelan people. Equally people get paid they are likely to spend the unabridged paycheck on needed items which can so exist used to barter, considering the following day whatever cash a person holds may only have one-half of its buying ability.

Venezuela's Migration Crisis

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The Venezuelan diaspora is the largest migration in the western hemisphere in modern history. Since 2015, over five 1000000 Venezuelans have fled terrible economic collapse and atrocities in their native country.^xvi This diaspora has led to the displacement of Venezuelan people, from families and children to scholars and artists, forth with their culture, across Due south America and beyond. Venezuelan "walkers," as they are known across South America, represent the well-nigh vulnerable portion of this migrant moving ridge. Traveling on foot due to a lack of resource oftentimes means that they take no admission to basic necessities or a trusted network to help them forth the way (Img. 3 ). All that they take is what they can carry in a few numberless or in their mochilas de la Patria, the state-provided backpacks that have become a symbol of the migration.¹⁷ Whole families have covered immense stretches of state walking along the highways of Colombia to other countries southwards forth the northern Andes. They face up many hardships along the way and are often pushed to their very limits. They take to cantankerous barren landscapes under the hit equatorial sun, climb in freezing mountain highlands, and look for whatever shelter or aid they tin can detect along the way. They also pass through areas run by paramilitaries and drug traffickers, increasing their vulnerability to extortion, homo trafficking, or forced servitude. Many try to stay in large groups to assistance reduce these and other physical threats.^xviii The manner is treacherous and more than a few have been unable to make it due to severe atmospheric condition including hypothermia, malnutrition, estrus daze, dehydration, exhaustion, and traffic accidents.^xix Some of them walk until their shoes fall apart and their feet are covered in blisters (Img. 4 ). Crowds of families are forced to occupy makeshift shelters in gas stations, parking lots, and public parks, while some lucky ones find better conditions in humanitarian shelters in big cities and stops forth the road. There are also private initiatives past good-hearted people that endeavour to help with whatever resource they have.

Image three. Art For Impact used the proceeds from their shows to fund humanitarian help forth the mountain migration routes in Colombia.

Image 4. Art For Impact co-founder, Nery Santaella, cleans and bandage blisters for a group of Venezuelan youth who have been walking several days over the mountain passes between Cucuta and Bogota.

Pressed by the appalling situation of public health in their native country, pregnant women often attempt to cross the border into Republic of colombia to give birth at that place, every bit Colombia's open-door policy will accept their newborns as nationals and this will mean ameliorate opportunities for them to admission public health and education.²⁰ Many of these travelers take Peru in heed as their objective, while others head for Chile or Argentina, countries where they hope to establish themselves, carve a new life for their family, and hopefully send some actress money or medicines back habitation to Venezuela.

Tensions and Security

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Colombia's border urban center Cúcuta has undergone considerable alter equally a result of this wave of migration. Cúcuta's economic system is co-dependent on trade with the Venezuelan towns of San Antonio del Táchira and San Cristóbal across the border. This border region, to the south of the petrol-rich and once industrialized area around the Maracaibo lake, has had a strategic importance throughout both nations' histories, existence their main point of contact for social and economic exchange. This proximity to oil means that the fuel prices in the surface area were usually lower than in other parts of Colombia. Due to factors such equally the crash in oil prices and mismanagement by the country's main oil-producing company (state-owned PDVSA), Venezuela'southward oil-producing capabilities have crashed forth with its economy, deepening the widespread crisis. Local gangs quickly moved to control the black market place for Venezuelan-produced oil in the region, likewise dealing in goods and food from Colombia.²¹ As of April 2020, Venezuela has been forced to rely on its ally state, Iran, to import oil amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic. The region's widespread instability makes information technology one of the nigh dangerous areas in both the context of the Venezuelan humanitarian crunch under Maduro's regime and the complicated mail service-peace treaty scenario in Republic of colombia, where the land has been unsuccessful in properly achieving the goals for the implementation of the Peace Process Agreement signed in 2016.²²

This border region, with all its permeability and bi-nationalism, has also been ane of the principal battlegrounds for the Colombian armed conflict. It has become not only a corridor for the drug trade and smuggling operations, simply also an expanse with security situations between different warring factions that range from leftist guerrillas to far-right paramilitary forces and organized gangs.²³ In that location is also a vast network of alliances and non-aggression pacts between these actors when it comes to making a profit out of the instability and turmoil of this region.²⁴ Twelve different armed groups operating in the border region have been identified every bit of February 2020.²⁵

Although the big majority of Colombian order, and peculiarly the residents of Cúcuta and the border region, have been supportive and welcoming to the enormous Venezuelan migrant wave over the last four years, at that place has been a worrying ascent in xenophobic sentiment and negative expressions against Venezuelan migrants within Colombian public opinion. They are often targeted as the cause of a range of bug similar unemployment, malversation, prostitution, and crime.²⁶ It is certainly a difficult state of affairs for Colombia's migration authorities.

The Flow of Devalued Majuscule and its Risks

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Every bit the major urban center along the Colombo-Venezuelan border, Cúcuta boasts a lively merchandise in Venezuelan bolivars betwixt the money-exchange houses and the craftsmen who apply these bills in their fine art to both survive and tell their stories, creating a complex local industry of its own.²⁷ Moving money to create art can be a unsafe business, even if it is but old money that is no longer legal tender. The collection and transportation of currency is actually a specific line of business along the border, where low-income families have been reported to be paid irrisory wages for the hard labor of gathering, sorting, and packing the bills (Img. 5 ).²⁸ One has to comport in heed that a monthly salary in Venezuela may only pay for a flat of eggs, and it is not uncommon for women to cantankerous the border but to sell their hair for sums that may equal a vi-month salary back domicile.

Prototype 5. A bag of bolivars, paid by the weight.

The sometime banknotes are collected from the ground and garbage cans, equally they are worthless inside Venezuela. Big amounts are sorted and packaged into bundles chosen panelas (the traditional proper noun for a brick of dried sugar pikestaff molasses), which comprise around 1000-1200 bills each and counterbalance effectually one kilogram. These bricks of bills are and so packaged ten to a bag and transported in larger bags of effectually x,000 bills each. The cheapest panelas can toll as low as COP6,000-10,000 (around USD2-3) depending on their denomination and from whom they are being purchased. Some bills were not used long enough to have large amounts printed and circulated, while others were in use for years and are much more common. The most common is the 100 bolivar bill, which was nicknamed "The Indestructible" because of its long-enduring use cycle within Venezuela and considering it represents around half of the circulating bills. In 2016, Maduro's failed attempt to accept this note out of circulation to stop trafficking led to the exact opposite result and fabricated larger quantities of these bills available over the edge.²⁹ Otherwise almost worthless, it could yet exist used to pay for gasoline at the state-sponsored and price-controlled gas stations until 2019. The currency in Venezuela has been replaced 3 times within the last xx years,³⁰ and so art and craftworks made out of such a symbolic material speak to the economical decomposition and political crisis that Venezuela has dramatically faced during that fourth dimension.

It is illegal in Venezuela to make anything from money, including old currencies after they have been replaced. Very little money art is created within Venezuela for that reason, as it is generally easier to motility the money into Colombia and then create the fine art there. Many artists working with money have been detained or had their art confiscated by the police in Venezuela, and people who make or wear such items run a risk spending time in the regime's feared prison house organisation. Bribery is a frequent manner around this situation. Having big amounts of old currency in your house tin can also bring fines or imprisonment, and so businesses with money that they were not able to become rid of can really find themselves in violation and exist shut down unless they pay heavy fines. The bill traders go to corking lengths to ensure that their whole performance successfully transports tons of discarded money into Colombia, virtually certainly being extorted at various points along the trade road.³¹ The final goal is to get the large cargo of discarded money across the Táchira river and into Colombian territory, where information technology will be redistributed among substitution houses, black marketplace counterfeit dealers, and, in a minor proportion, craftsmen who use it for the creation of art. Corrupt officials, small individual armies, and even civilians partake in this parallel economy of legal and illegal commerce. Due to its characteristics, criminal gangs regard these bills besides-suited to existence "washed" or bleached and made into fake US currency, a trade that is prosecuted on both sides of the border.³²

This quagmire hasn't stopped the craftspeople from seeking to expand their network of traveling arts and crafts merchants. Members of Art For Impact have met numerous times with the coin artisans in Cúcuta and Bogotá (Img. half dozen ) and been told that some of their business partners visit Colombia's major cities and tourist spots such every bit Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Cartagena, and Santa Marta for months at a time, offering their creations to tourists and pedestrians.³³ The crafts tin can besides be found in the Guajira region in Maicao and Riohacha, which is another of import crossing betoken for migrants. Some of their work has reached even further, exploring new markets forth the migrant routes in Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.³⁴ Meanwhile, the knowledge and awareness of these crafts travel along with their practitioners, radiating outward as they journey to other South American countries. Since their piece of work has gained some recognition, the craftsmen take been able to navigate a fashion effectually and stay articulate of the shady bolivar business; the quantities they deal with are on a smaller calibration than the counterfeit trade and non specifically illegal in Colombia.

Image 6. Some members of Art For Touch pose with a group of Venezuelan money artists in Cucuta.

Moving and collecting the bills notwithstanding represents a gamble for the crafts-people, since, as mentioned, this money is too collected for counterfeiting U.s. dollars.³⁵ There take been several large seizures of Venezuelan money around Due south America, in Paraguay, Brazil, and Colombia, among others.³⁶ Taxi drivers tell stories of beingness offered more than a calendar month'southward salary to drive trunks-total of Venezuelan currency to other cities, presumably to be used in counterfeit creation. If they are carrying more than can be considered a personal amount, Colombo-Venezuelans living in the edge region, and people who go there seeking to drift, hazard being extorted past the feared groups stemming from noncombatant paramilitary Chavist groups who control much of the breezy traffic forth the Venezuelan side of the edge. Colombian and Venezuelan authorities may detain or imprison civilians who effort to cross with this money, suspecting them of being traffickers for the money-laundering schemes.

An reward of living and selling their crafts in Republic of colombia is being paid in Colombian pesos, which allows the craftsmen to earn a decent living in Colombia and send revenue back to their families and relatives in Venezuela. Cúcuta is home to more than than 700,000 people, and information technology is oftentimes visited by international humanitarian aid workers, business people, journalists, and others. The metropolis has proven to be a fertile basis to sell this type of artistic and economic expression, allowing artists and craftspeople to support themselves and their families.

Background and Origins of the Creation of Money Crafts by Venezuelan Migrants

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Tracing back the story of how the three-dimensional Chinese-patterned artform reached Venezuela is a difficult task. Venezuela's Chinese-descent population is one of the largest in Latin America.³⁷ Even though Venezuela historically maintained an admissible policy toward immigrants and accepted at least one detainee from the Golden Venture case,³⁸ information technology's non likely related to this case, as in that location are discernible differences both in the maturity of the designs and their structure. Documenting the adoption of this mode of creative newspaper folding, specifically its utilize by the craftspeople in Cúcuta, back to the arrival of whatsoever detail grouping of immigrants from Communist china seems unlikely and there are of grade other possibilities such as seeing an opportunity and learning the techniques online. Some of the craftsmen, when asked about their noesis of this type of craft and its trade, claim to have heard that it came from Venezuelan jails, where prisoners developed them to brand some coin and taught fellow inmates the techniques then that they could try their luck at selling them once out of prison.³⁹ Additionally, this technique can exist occasionally found in countries around the earth in street stands and shops, as in this picture taken by the author in Cuba (Img. 7 ). Often the work is made from discarded plastic, paper, or other low-cost materials such equally packaging. What makes the work done past Venezuelans uniquely theirs is the use of their state's paper money.

Prototype 7. Children in Havana, Cuba creating and selling 3d origami sculptures out of paper

Evolution and Characteristics of Venezuelan Coin Crafts

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Even though Venezuelan artists refer to their work as origami, a Japanese word, the designs they employ are not solely Japanese in origin, but likewise Chinese. 3D origami can also exist called modular origami or unit origami, a style with distinctive variants in Nippon, Mainland china, Korea, and elsewhere.⁴⁰ The ii basic construction methods used by Venezuelan migrants include interwoven apartment folds, used mostly in purses and wallets like to Japanese designs (Img. 8 ), and a sparsely documented Chinese 3-dimensional technique called zhé zhǐ, where pieces are stacked and glued to create sculptures (Img. 9 ).

Paradigm 8. Purse made entirely of money by Venezuelan artisans in Cucuta. Collected in 2018 past Fine art For Bear on.

Image ix. Art Sculpture of a Toyota 4×4 vehicle made from Bolivars by one of Cucuta's money artisans. Collected in 2019 by Art For Impact.

The earth came to know the story behind these colorful creations around 2016-17, as more than strange journalists reached Cúcuta to cover the tense border situation and migratory crunch. It wasn't long earlier the artists started building larger figures and sculptures and selling them as a divide line from the more commonsensical purses and bags. Competition grew between the craftsmen every bit they enrolled relatives and acquaintances to create more than pieces. There was plenty of inspiration to be found online and the original pieces often copied designs found elsewhere. Their creativity led to original sculptures referring to objects and situations more familiar to their daily life, such as armadillos, trucks, parrots, jeeps, helicopters, and also weapons such as pistols and AK-47s, a grim reminder of the tense situations experienced by many of the artisans. The sculptures became more ambitious in size and complexity, in some cases involving moving parts. They too started incorporating other materials such as popsicle sticks, plastic eyes, soda-can aluminum, and metal frames and axles, making for more than expressive and sturdy builds. Some of them even include electrical parts with battery-powered lighting systems rescued from cleaved toys.

Inside the utilitarian designs and artistic sculptures at that place is a huge variety in patterns and quality. Through practice and experiment, the artists have learned to employ the colors and intricate prints on the diverse denominations to create beautiful patterns past mixing bills and folding them in different means. Examples include basic hearts on the purses and flat-woven flags. Elementary toy stars soon evolved into swan vases and larger jars equally the internet gave the crafts-people the opportunity to search for inspiration and more complex builds. The ingenious animate being and machine figures are sold on the lord's day-struck streets of downtown Cúcuta, capturing the attention of pedestrians of all ages. The craftspeople learn by experimenting and from watching each other.

In their construction, the first step is to cutting the bills to size, after which they are folded into the modules needed according to the blueprint that is to exist used. Two patterns are predominant:

Blueprint 1: The Rectangular Shide

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This basic pattern, originating in Nihon, involves a series of simple rectangular-shaped folded units of newspaper that are intertwined to form zig-zag-shaped bands that tin be expanded to the sides by sewing or gluing them together.⁴¹ The building module is like shooting fish in a barrel to make from a single bill by folding information technology four times to form a rectangular 5-shaped unit. When several strips are joined at the sides, a surface can be created in which to display patterns and figurative elements. The development of this way has led the craftspeople to explore the diverseness of patterns to be plant inside different parts of a bill'south surface pattern. This has enriched the palette and the variety of hues bachelor to pattern more complex combinations by differential folding of the bills. The shide pattern is mostly used to fabricate utilitarian pieces like purses, wallets, belts, hats, and other wearables. These products have more need and are easier to sell amid the resident population and in flea markets of large cities such every bit in Bogotá'south Usaquén flea market.

Pattern 2: Zhé zhĬ or the "Golden Venture Unit Pattern"

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This design uses a unit that begins as a square department of a bill folded into a right-triangle shape. When complete, this unit has two separate pouches on i of its sides, assuasive units to lock with each other. The triangle-shaped unit of measurement allows for greater iii-dimensionality and organic-looking structures. This technique lends itself to building smoother forms like curves, circles, and round shapes. As mentioned to a higher place, the pattern may have gained visibility in the West through the activities of the Gilt Venture refugees:

While assembling the history of this unit of measurement proves to be difficult, information technology is generally agreed it originated in China and only relatively recently came to the attention of Western and even Japanese folders. […] Prior to the early 1990s there are few references to the unit of measurement in Western origami media, although it does appear every bit if some Westerners of Chinese or Taiwanese descent may have been aware of the unit as a money fold, given in times of celebration.⁴²

Forth with the art described, the idea of using Venezuelan coin for other creative purposes has also spread. There are artists like Karina Monaca and José León who paint pictures on the bills, cut them out for collages, make prints, or discipline them to other artistic processes.⁴³ There is even a Youtube channel, Origami Venezolano, where a immature male child teaches viewers how to brand a purse out of bills, which counts every bit an instance of the sources typically used by those migrants who tin admission the cyberspace.⁴⁴

Symbolism in Venezuelan Bolivar Crafts

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The close relationship betwixt fine art and coin is an expression of power that has been variously instantiated throughout the ages, spanning from the earliest examples of ornate currency in ancient empires to representations of money in European art similar Quentin Metsys'due south 1514 painting The Money Banker and his Wife. As well, there are many examples of the utilise of coin every bit an art or craft medium, from the 1800s, when Chinese coins were sewn into the armor of the Tlingit, an indigenous grouping in the American Pacific Northwest, to gimmicky artists such as Marker Wagner, who uses cut-up bills to make collages, and Stephen Boggs, whose paw-drawn artistic imitations of bills take repeatedly drawn attention from law enforcement.⁴⁵

Venezuelan migrant artists utilize various newspaper-folding and -weaving techniques to create pieces that some may claim are but works of "craft" rather than art. Nonetheless, "craft" can be elevated into an artform through practise, creativity, and purpose. I could refer to the words of Ai Weiwei, ane of the earth's virtually respected refugee artists, who stated that artists only go good when their work has pregnant to other people.⁴⁶ If that is true, then the argument can surely be made that, for the Venezuelan people, art fabricated from their currency has a great deal of symbolic pregnant, and that by extension it has the capacity to develop into a powerful expressive language, making a universal appeal for their state of affairs equally a people who have been forced into migration by the failure of their domicile country'south political organization and institutions.⁴⁷ Indeed, the utilise of currency in such quantities as an art medium is a statement in itself about the economical crunch and political turmoil of the issuing country, if nosotros consider that "[t]he stamp of say-so marked the symbolization of money every bit a cultural artifact: the character of a ruler, a symbol, or an inscription on the coin came to exist a signifier of value."⁴⁸ In the instance of Venezuela, the putative meaning of this signified value for the currency and the state information technology represents is subverted by its use as an art medium to talk about the failure of that country'south regime to look after and properly manage a one time booming economy.

For this vulnerable population, the use of coin crafts as an art medium tied to their story besides establishes them as cultural markers that provide evidence for the construction of a new identity based on their experiences. The relationship betwixt displaced Venezuelans and their crafts can produce insights into the bear on and furnishings of the migratory dynamic. The crafting activity not only allows them to brand a dignified living but too provides a therapeutic tool that helps them to deal with stressful lives and reduces the risk of their collective members being exposed to illicit or risky activities. In the words of Venezuelan craftsman Jorge Cordero: "I learned this by watching. I did my first one, not very proficient and rather ugly… I kept going and by the tertiary 1 I was getting better until I learned. Thank God since I came here things have been good and we have been able to make a living, helping each other out and making a amend future for our children."⁴⁹

The utilise of devalued currency to bring attention to the Venezuelan monetary crunch was perhaps well-nigh powerfully demonstrated in June 2017. At an anti-government demonstration in Petare, one of Caracas's largest slums and a traditional stronghold of popular Chavism, a group of protesters raised a 25-meter (82-human foot) banner made out of over three grand VES20,000 bills. This huge poster represented the equivalent in bolivars to a unmarried US dollar.⁵⁰ People around the earth could meet how bad the monetary devaluation in a state had to exist in gild for people to use money every bit a substitute for toilet newspaper and napkins, items that were in short supply.⁵¹

Art For Impact

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Fine art For Impact is focused on amplifying marginalized voices through art and media. Since 2018, Art For Touch on has made six trips along the Venezuelan-Colombian border to work with Cúcuta-based Venezuelan artists, bear research and interviews, and provide humanitarian assist. The organisation seeks to provide attending to Venezuelan artists and assist them find increased economical opportunities. Art For Impact started out as a collective of artists, journalists, photographers, and other volunteers from Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and the The states, who wanted to make a difference. They saw something important happening in Cúcuta, something that could go a symbol, and decided to use it to convey the bulletin that fighting xenophobia and helping immigrants integrate into their host communities was the right thing to do. Art For Impact has since grown from a grassroots initiative into a social startup working with international NGOs pursuing those aforementioned goals.

On each trip to the edge, Art For Bear on gathers information, collects art made from money, and engages in humanitarian work such every bit distributing food, clothing, personal care items, and health supplies. In their work, they have gotten to know the expanse'south craftspeople, who have banded into groups to piece of work together and sell their wares. The artisans sought feedback on the physical and aesthetic details of their products and received recommendations such as creating a color palette through different folding options to achieve more elaborate woven textures. They were specifically challenged to "break their mold" and create new designs, and to use additional techniques and patterns in club to expand on the capabilities of their art. Art For Impact has built trust between its squad members and several of the craftsmen groups, and developed a relationship of patronage with some of these artisans. The Cúcuta artisans received communication on how to exploit the capabilities of their medium and to increase the value of their products by improving the finishing details in their creations. Art For Bear on highlighted these artists' work in several fine art exhibitions, including Economía de papel in 2019 at Crispeta Galería in Bogotá, which told the story of clearing through money fine art and photography (Img. 10 ). All the proceeds from the exhibition went toward providing help to Venezuelan migrants. Members of Art For Impact used what they learned in their efforts to raise awareness and to appoint the Venezuelan community to build digital networks to connect Venezuelan migrants in Republic of colombia with services and information, furthering their intent to combat xenophobia through art, media, and communications.

Paradigm 10. Venezuelan artisanal crafts and sculptures from Cucuta, Colombia on display during the bear witness Economía De Papel at Crispeta Galería in Bogota.

This patronage human relationship has brought a number of deputed pieces for installations, including a serial of origami AK-47 replicas and woven pictures of Nicolas Maduro (Img. 11 ) and Hugo Chávez (Img. 12 ), the current and onetime presidents of Venezuela. These woven faces accept a deeper meaning equally they were inspired by a like panel created for use in protests in Caracas. While there are others who resell crafts made past Venezuelan artisans on eBay and Etsy, Art For Impact puts 100% of the profits back into helping the migrant customs and works directly with the artists to improve their craft, designs, and livelihoods.

Paradigm eleven. A panel of Nicolás Maduro commissioned for a future installation.

Prototype 12. A panel of Hugo Chavez deputed for a futurity installation.

The art and stories of the Cúcuta craftspeople have had an touch on on Art For Impact's members, who too began to use bolivar bills to make their ain art. At the Economía de papel exhibition in Bogotá, spectators could see intricate and fragile collages congenital using the delineation of native Venezuelan animal establish on the bills (Img. thirteen ), alongside whimsical wooden colonial-manner retablos that combined ceramics and money patterns. There was too a serial of photographs depicting the cost of different everyday items in Venezuela. One of the big hits among visitors was a large chromatic panel with a diamond-shape design made from bolivar bills of unlike denominations, a piece of work inspired by the belatedly Venezuelan artist Carlos Cruz-Diez (Img. 14 ). The interactive piece of work Mantle of Solidarity (Img. 15 ) allowed visitors to write messages of support to the Venezuelan people on loose bolivar bills, which were gradually clipped together to form a large mantle symbolizing solidarity with the Venezuelan people. On the 2nd flooring of the exhibit, there was a visual timeline built with photographs taken forth the path from Cúcuta to Bogotá, documenting the migrants' journey. The show brought the Venezuelan and Colombian communities together to celebrate art and served as a space for salubrious debate and brotherhood. Visitors were as well encouraged to engage with the Cúcuta craftsmen'south crafts and sculptures which were available for purchase.

Image xiii. Collage made from Venezuelan Bolivars. Artist: Andrés Chaparro.

Epitome fourteen. Title: Autumn Of The Bolivar Artist: Jason Rovig.

Image 15. Title: Curtain Of Solidarity (Bolivar Challenge) Interactive art installation by Jason Rovig and Andrés Chaparro in 2019.

Another apply of Venezuelan coin past Art For Bear upon occurred during the 2019 edition of Bogotá's Art Week where Art For Touch created and modeled a dress made from bolivars to bring attention to the migration crisis (Img. 16 ).

Image 16. Title: Bolivar Dress Nery Santaella poses with a dress made out of Venezuelan Bolivars with origami details from Art For Touch on at Artbo in 2019. Concept: Jason Rovig.

Conclusions

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Venezuelan coin crafts have significant symbolic value and are an artful resource that can be used successfully to depict attention to a delicate migrant situation. In addition to the skill and patience needed for these crafts, the textures and patterns that are attainable from currency are remarkable. The arts and crafts is both a means to earn a dignified living through art and a therapeutic tool, and the resulting artworks offer an insightful reflection on our understanding of the connections between gild, coin, and ability.

This arts and crafts is an artform that has the power to make much out of well-nigh null, teaching values to its makers and the public, perchance creating a deeper symbolism than even the creators intended. A coin bill or piece of newspaper is weak by itself and can be ripped apart. But the strength accomplished when several folds are laced with each other can be formidable. In the aforementioned way, people can come together out of need, interlocking their intentions and desires for peace, home, family, and country.

The future for millions of Venezuelan migrants, including the coin-based craftspeople in Cúcuta, is specially critical in this era of unprecedented crises and misery. The international community should non forget its duty to aid a community that is in such desperate demand. Raising sensation about their situation and supporting their fine art and the answerable NGOs which are working with Venezuelans is a good way to help.

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Source: https://revistas.uniandes.edu.co/doi/full/10.25025/hart08.2021.08

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